探析市政道路桥梁加固设计的方法

近些年,随着建筑行业的发展,我国的道路桥梁建设也得到不断发展。而随着道路桥梁建设的不断推进,越来越多的人开始关注道路桥梁的安全问题。因此对加固技术在道路桥梁施工中应用的必要性进行分析的基础上阐述了桥梁维修加固机理及存在的问题,最后全面解析了市政道路桥梁维修与加固施工技术实践要点,希望可以给相关工作人员提供帮助。     

楼子山国家级自然保护区野生动物资源调查及保护

楼子山国家级自然保护区自位于辽宁省西部,朝阳市的西南部,与葫芦岛市建昌县相邻,地理坐标为E 119° 54′ 50″ ~ 120° 2′ 50″,N 41° 0′ 20″ ~ 11′ 10″,处于燕山山脉的东端。保护区总面积11150.0 hm2,其中核心区面积4588.0 hm2,缓冲区面积2448.0 hm2,实验区面积4114.0 hm2,。主要为山地环境,具有典型的华北山地植被特征,拥有森林、灌丛、湿地等生境类型。多样的地形地貌和植被类型,为野生动物生存提供了条件。通过多年详细调查为今后保护野生动物资源栖息、繁衍提供了可靠保障。     

萘乙酸吲哚丁酸对水稻产量构成要素的影响

为了明确萘乙酸吲哚丁酸对水稻浸种后对生长和产量的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,以不同浓度6%萘乙酸吲哚丁酸水剂用于水稻浸种。试验结果表明：对水稻生长有较好的调节作用,可增加有效穗数和实粒数,提高产量,增产效果较为明显,对水稻安全。     

护林防火技术在森林资源保护中的应用

合理运用护林防火技术可以提升森林资源保护工作的整体质量,推动林业不断发展。本文分析了森林火灾发生的原因,总结了护林防火技术,提出了相关应用对策,以期为减少森林火灾的发生和保护森林资源提供参考。     

鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术研究进展

鸡皮刺螨是一种吸血性外寄生虫,会引起鸡消瘦、贫血,并导致产蛋下降,造成巨大经济损失。为给科研提供可靠虫源,并对杀螨药物、疫苗以及其他防控手段进行效果评价,国内外学者进行了鸡皮刺螨实验室的人工饲养与繁殖技术研究。文章综述了国内外鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术的研究进展,将其总结归纳为使用动物饲养繁殖技术与离体饲养繁殖技术两类,同时指出了各项技术在应用过程中存在的问题,为该技术的进一步完善与发展提供相关参考。     

互联网+环境下饲料品牌的策划和实践

随着市场环境的不断发展变化,消费者越来越重视产品的品牌效益,品牌建设已成为当前饲料企业市场竞争中取胜的重要法宝,饲料企业可通过品牌策划与实践提升产品的知名度,加强企业自身的商业信誉,从而提升饲料产品的销售份额,有效扩大消费群体,为企业的长远发展提供广阔的潜力。因此,饲料企业要重视互联网+环境下品牌的策划与实践,通过优化策划方案、创新推广路径等方式加强企业品牌建设。     

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Possibilities to improve maize harvest index and nutrient utilization efficiency by application of plant growth regulators were investigated. In container experiments, the effects of different growth regulators on the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas were tested. Paclobutrazol (PAC) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC), two inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA₃) were applied at growth stage V5. Three weeks after application of PAC, shoot growth of both maize cultivars was strongly affected with a significant decrease in plant height in the PAC treatment by 44% and 36% for Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas, respectively. The growth‐retarded plants had higher leaf areas and reduced transpiration rates. The higher shoot growth after GA₃ application was accompanied by a reduction in leaf area and an increase in transpiration rate during 1 week before anthesis. CCC treatment showed no significant effects on plant height, leaf area and transpiration rate. The PAC‐treated cultivar Pioneer 3906 produced several cobs per plant, which were mainly barren at maturity. However, PAC application to Fabregas resulted in just one cob per plant with good kernel development and a grain yield, which was not significantly reduced in comparison with the control. With this similar grain yield in combination with a straw yield decrease of 32%, the harvest index was significantly improved by 12%. In addition, with PAC‐treated Fabregas plants, a 19% increased water use efficiency of the grain (WUE_grain) during the critical period of kernel setting was achieved. In this maize cultivar, CCC application also improved harvest index by 5%, but no effect on WUE_grain occurred. GA₃ treatment decreased harvest index of both maize cultivars, and it either reduced WUE_grain (Pioneer 3906) or showed no effect (Fabregas). Utilization efficiencies of N, P and K were not increased with growth regulator application, even in the PAC‐treated Fabregas plants with a significantly improved allocation of assimilates to the grain, mirrored by the higher harvest index. The results indicate that fertilizer applications must be adjusted to the reduced demand of growth‐retarded plants, most likely leading to higher nutrient utilization efficiencies.     

基于多源数据的华北平原夏玉米种植区划研究

精准识别农业生产环境信息和农业生产特征,对气象、土壤和作物等多源数据进行综合分类,是提高农业资源利用效率和优化农业种植结构的基础。本研究基于近20年（1998~2017年）气象数据和华北五省的玉米单产统计数据,首先构建了华北平原气候资源和玉米生产时空分布特征数据库,研究区内的降雨量、活动积温、日照时数、太阳辐射和玉米单产均存在显著的时空变化;利用作物精细种植区划方法,将华北平原夏玉米种植区分为极不适宜区、不适宜区、较适宜区、适宜区、极适宜区五大类,各类面积分别占总体的比例约为10%、11%、25%、30%、24%;进一步通过环境类别归属度分析方法,将每一大类分为5小类,概率大于75%的相对稳定区域约占总面积的63%,小于75%的波动区域约占37%;极不适宜区、不适宜区和较适宜区,三类时空分布比较稳定,隶属度为100%分别占各类面积的87.67%、70.41%和84.28%,波动区主要发生在极适宜区和适宜区,以及适宜区和较适宜区之间。本研究构建的华北平原夏玉米精细区划结果,对提高研究区资源利用效率和优化玉米产业布局具有重要的指导意义。     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

基于标准化降水蒸散指数的甘肃省干旱时空特征分析

为明确气候变化条件下甘肃省不同时间尺度的干旱特征，选用1951-2015年甘肃省33个气象站点逐日气象数据，计算了不同时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI，同时结合Mann-Kendall突变检验、复小波分析、经验正交函数分解、旋转经验正交函数分解等方法，对甘肃省65 a来干旱时空格局特征进行了分析。结果表明：在年际变化趋势方面，甘肃省干旱情势为由干变湿再变干，近年干旱趋势逐渐加重；四季均呈现由干变湿然后变干的趋势，近年春季变干趋势显著；干旱强度在全省范围内主要为轻旱和中旱等级，并表现为局域性轻旱和全域性中旱。在周期性变化方面，甘肃省的干旱时间周期性强弱依次为39、13、7、22 a尺度，但不同时间尺度表现出了不同的干湿震荡规律。在空间格局方面，甘肃省整体上呈西北部干旱缓解、东南部干旱加剧的趋势；春季干旱加剧最明显，冬季次之，夏季和秋季干湿状况基本相似。按照干旱区域敏感性强弱可将甘肃省分为东南地区东部（Ⅰ区）、西北地区（Ⅱ区）、中部地区（Ⅲ区）和东南地区西部（Ⅳ区），其中Ⅲ区呈干旱缓解趋势，其他地区基本呈干旱加剧的趋势。